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In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
Most commercial certificate authority (CA) software uses PKCS #11 to access the CA signing key [clarification needed] or to enroll user certificates. Cross-platform software that needs to use smart cards uses PKCS #11, such as Mozilla Firefox and OpenSSL (using an extension).
Alice and Bob have public key certificates issued by Carol, the certificate authority (CA).; Alice wishes to perform a transaction with Bob and sends him her certificate. Bob, concerned that Alice's private key may have been compromised, creates an 'OCSP request' that contains Alice's certificate serial number and sends it to Carol.
.p7r – response to CSR. Contains the newly-signed certificate, and the CA's own cert..p7s - Digital Signature. May contain the original signed file or message. Used in S/MIME for email signing. Defined in RFC 2311..p7m - Message (SignedData, EnvelopedData) e.g. encrypted ("enveloped") file, message or MIME email letter. Defined in RFC 2311.
SPKAC (Signed Public Key and Challenge, also known as Netscape SPKI) is a format for sending a certificate signing request (CSR): it encodes a public key, that can be manipulated using OpenSSL. [1] It is created using the little documented HTML keygen element [2] inside a number of Netscape compatible browsers.
OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites. OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.
Self-signed certificates can be created for free, using a wide variety of tools including OpenSSL, Java's keytool, Adobe Reader, wolfSSL and Apple's Keychain. They are easy to customize; e.g, they can have larger key sizes or hold additional metadata.
Self-contained messages with protection independent of transfer mechanism – as opposed to related protocols EST and SCEP, this supports end-to-end security.; Full certificate life-cycle support: an end entity can utilize CMP to obtain certificates from a CA, request updates for them, and also get them revoked.