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The main sectarian conflict in Iraq is between Shia and Sunni Muslims, and it has led to large amounts of discrimination, bloodshed and instability. [6] While the majority of Muslims in Iraq are Shia and the minority are Sunni, a number of scholars, including Hassan al’-Alawi, have consistently argued that sectarianism in Iraq privileges Sunni Arabs and discriminates against Shi’ites.
The increase in education rates and the rise of trade and labour unions shifted religious affiliation to class affiliation further, which allowed Protestant and catholic affiliates under a Labour umbrella in politics. In the 1980s, class division had outgrown religious division, replacing religious sectarianism with class struggle. [44]
This policy was also referred to as Leftist deviation or Left-wing deviation, [8] Left Errors [7] or sectarian deviations. In Titoist dogma after World War II , this policy was referred to as the "Mistakes of the left" [ 4 ] or "left deviations" while the others referred to it as "Red Terror" . [ 9 ]
The political (rather than analytic or conceptual) critique of binary oppositions is an important part of third wave feminism, post-colonialism, post-anarchism, and critical race theory, which argue that the perceived binary dichotomy between man/woman, civilized/uncivilised, and white/black have perpetuated and legitimized societal power structures favoring a specific majority.
Sectarian violence among Christians is a recurring phenomenon, in which Christians engage in a form of communal violence known as sectarian violence. This form of violence can frequently be attributed to differences of religious beliefs between sects of Christianity ( sectarianism ).
Sectarianism, according to one definition, is bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion, class, regional or factions of a political movement
Sectarian battle between Sunnis and Twelver Shias at the Battle of Chaldiran (Ottoman and Safavid wars). Sectarian violence or sectarian strife is a form of communal violence which is inspired by sectarianism, that is, discrimination, hatred or prejudice between different sects of a particular mode of an ideology or different sects of a religion within a nation or community.
Under apartheid, South Africa was a sectarian democracy which some called a "white-only democracy". [1] White South Africans enjoyed the right to vote and to participate in the political process whereas the Black South Africans were oppressed.