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The consciousness and binding problem is the problem of how objects, background, and abstract or emotional features are combined into a single experience. [1] The binding problem refers to the overall encoding of our brain circuits for the combination of decisions, actions, and perception.
Heuristics (from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω, heurískō, "I find, discover") is the process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at decisions. Heuristics are simple strategies that humans, animals, [1] [2] [3] organizations, [4] and even machines [5] use to quickly form judgments, make decisions, and find solutions to complex problems.
A solution s ∈ X to this optimization problem is optimal if, and only if, it is a satisficing option (an element of S). Thus, from a decision theory point of view, the distinction between "optimizing" and "satisficing" is essentially a stylistic issue (that can nevertheless be very important in certain applications) rather than a substantive ...
Integratively complex thinkers are better able to reach mutually advantageous solutions in mixed-motive games than integratively simple thinkers. [5] Declines in integrative complexity in diplomacy during times of crises is also a lead indicator of war, while increases in integrative complexity is a lead indicator of reaching compromise ...
Zero-sum thinking perceives situations as zero-sum games, where one person's gain would be another's loss. [1] [2] [3] The term is derived from game theory.However, unlike the game theory concept, zero-sum thinking refers to a psychological construct—a person's subjective interpretation of a situation.
Groupthink is a construct of social psychology but has an extensive reach and influences literature in the fields of communication studies, political science, management, and organizational theory, [4] as well as important aspects of deviant religious cult behaviour.
Modern conflict theory, a variation of ego psychology, is a revised version of structural theory, most notably different by altering concepts related to where repressed thoughts were stored. [64] [65] Modern conflict theory addresses emotional symptoms and character traits as complex solutions to mental conflict. [91]
The terms emotion-focused therapy and emotionally focused therapy have different meanings for different therapists.. In Les Greenberg's approach the term emotion-focused is sometimes used to refer to psychotherapy approaches in general that emphasize emotion.