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The Filibuster War, otherwise referred to as the Walker affair, or The National Campaign of 1856 and 1857 [a] in Costa Rica, [7] [8] was a military conflict between filibustering multinational troops stationed in Nicaragua and a coalition of Central American armies.
The filibusters captured the schooner Granada––formerly the San José––from the Costa Ricans at San Juan del Sur in the summer of 1856, and converted the ship for war. The Costa Rican brig Once de Abril was named in honor of their victory over the filibusters at the Second Battle of Rivas, sevens months earlier. [2]
Costa Rica: Historia de Costa Rica. Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. ISBN 978-9977-67-411-7. La Feber, Walter (1993). Inevitable Revolutions The United States in Central America. Norton Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-393-03434-9. Longley, Kyle (1997). The Sparrow and the Hawk: Costa Rica and the United States During the Rise of Jose ...
A depiction of the Second Battle of Rivas under the statue of Santamaría in Alajuela. The war began when William Walker, a United States filibuster, or person engaged in unauthorized warfare against a foreign country, overthrew the government of Nicaragua in 1856 and attempted to conquer the other nations in Central America, including Costa Rica, in order to form a private slaveholding empire.
The Costa Rica National Monument represents the five united Central American nations carrying weapons and William Walker fleeing. Before the end of the American Civil War , Walker's memory enjoyed great popularity in the southern and western United States, where he was known as "General Walker" [ 51 ] and as the "gray-eyed man of destiny". [ 8 ]
In five minutes, the whole command was in disarray in full and disorderly retreat; in fourteen minutes the Costa Ricans had won the battle. Walker's troops suffered 59 killed and the Costa Ricans 20 killed. The Santa Rosa's Casona, one of the few historical sites, was burned down in May 2001 and later re-built.
League War (1835) San José: Alajuela Cartago Heredia: San Jose's victory: Invasion of Guanacaste (1836) Costa Rica. Nicaragua Costa Ricans exiled. Victory: Filibuster War (1855–1857) Costa Rica Nicaragua Kingdom of Mosquitia Guatemala Honduras El Salvador United States: Filibusters: Victory. William Walker's army is defeated and he is ...
A military coalition led by Costa Rica defeated Walker and forced him to resign the presidency of Nicaragua on May 1, 1857. [ 3 ] Walker then tried to re-launch his filibustering project and in 1860 he published a book, The War in Nicaragua , which cast his efforts to conquer Central America as tied to the geographical expansion of slavery.