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  2. Alternative complement pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_complement_pathway

    Alternative pathway. (Some labels are in Polish.) The alternative pathway is a type of cascade reaction of the complement system and is a component of the innate immune system, a natural defense against infections. The alternative pathway is one of three complement pathways that opsonize and kill pathogens. The pathway is triggered when the C3b ...

  3. Complement system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_system

    The classical and alternative complement pathways. The classical pathway is triggered by activation of the C1-complex. The C1-complex is composed of 1 molecule of C1q, 2 molecules of C1r and 2 molecules of C1s, or C1qr 2 s 2. This occurs when C1q binds to IgM or IgG complexed with antigens. A single pentameric IgM can initiate the pathway ...

  4. C1 complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1_complex

    Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway. This occurs when C1q binds to antigen-antibody complexes. The antibodies IgM or certain subclasses of IgG complexed with antigens are able to initiate the complement system: a single pentameric IgM can initiate the pathway, while several monomeric IgG molecules are needed. [3]

  5. C3-convertase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3-convertase

    The classical and alternative complement pathways. Complement-pathways. C3 convertase (C4bC2b, formerly C4b2a) belongs to family of serine proteases and is necessary in innate immunity as a part of the complement system which eventuate in opsonisation of particles, release of inflammatory peptides, C5 convertase formation and cell lysis.

  6. C5-convertase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5-convertase

    The C3bBb complex (= alternative pathway C3 convertase) remains attached to the cell-surface. This complex might interact with another C3b and thus form the alternative pathway C5 convertase. [4] CVFBb is a noncovalent association product of CVF3 and the complement fragment Bb

  7. Complement component 3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_3

    In the alternative complement pathway, C3 is cleaved by C3bBb, another form of C3-convertase composed of activated forms of C3 (C3b) and factor B (Bb). Once C3 is activated to C3b, it exposes a reactive thioester that allows the peptide to covalently attach to any surface that can provide a nucleophile such as a primary amine or a hydroxyl ...

  8. Properdin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properdin

    The alternative pathway is not dependent on antibodies. This branch of the complement system is activated by IgA immune complexes and bacterial endotoxins , polysaccharides , and cell walls , and results in producing anaphylatoxins , opsonins , chemotactic factors , and the membrane attack complex , all of which help fight pathogens.

  9. Lectin pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectin_pathway

    Structure of mannose in its α-D mannopyranose form. Mannan is a polymer of mannose.. The lectin pathway or MBL pathway is a type of cascade reaction in the complement system, similar in structure to the classical complement pathway, [1] in that, after activation, it proceeds through the action of C4 and C2 to produce activated complement proteins further down the cascade.