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Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury. It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [1] The posturing may also occur without a stimulus.
The normal knee flexion is between 130 and 150 degrees. Any pain, abnormal movement, or crepitus of the patella should be noted. If there is pain or crepitus during active extension of the knee, while the patella is being compressed against the patellofemoral groove, patellofemoral pain syndrome or chondromalacia patellae should be suspected ...
Abnormal joint proprioception (an impaired ability to locate body parts in space and/or monitor an extended joint) These abnormalities cause abnormal joint stress, meaning that the joints can wear out, leading to osteoarthritis. The condition tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic basis for at least some forms of hypermobility.
Complaints of locking sensation in the knee joint can be divided into true locking and pseudo locking. True locking happens when the intra-articular structure (e.g. ligaments) [1] is damaged, or a loose body is present inside the joint, or there is a meniscal tear. The knee can be unlocked by rotating the leg and full movement can be restored.
It manifests in abnormal and stereotypical patterns across multiple joints called obligatory synergies. [1] They are described as either a flexion synergy or an extension synergy and affect both the upper and lower extremity (see below). [1] When these patterns occur in a patient, he or she is unable to move a limb segment in isolation of the ...
knee extension occurs- tight rectus femoris; Lateral rotation of tibia- tight biceps femoris; The hip flexion contracture is physiologic in the first 3 months of life and if it is absent in this period it may be a sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is used to identify unilateral fixed flexion deformity of the hip. [3]
Genu recurvatum is a deformity in the knee joint, so that the knee bends backwards. In this deformity, excessive extension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint. Genu recurvatum is also called knee hyperextension and back knee. This deformity is more common in women [citation needed] and people with familial ligamentous laxity. [2]
Extension is the opposite of flexion, a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts. [12] For example, when standing up, the knees are extended. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, extension is movement in the posterior direction. [ 10 ]