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Echolalia can be categorized as communicative (in context and with "apparent communicative purpose") vs. semicommunicative (an "unclear communicative meaning"). [1] The use of echolalia in task response to facilitate generalization is an area that holds much promise. [14] Research in this area is certainly needed.
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]
A person with schizophrenia wrote seemingly random words in a piece of cloth: a word salad.. A word salad is a "confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases", [1] most often used to describe a symptom of a neurological or mental disorder.
Catatonia involves a significant psychomotor disturbance, which can occur as catalepsy, stupor, excessive purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism (seemingly motiveless resistance to movement), mutism, echolalia (imitating speech), or echopraxia (imitating movements). [1] There is a catatonic subtype of schizophrenia. [1]
Echophenomenon (also known as echo phenomenon; from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ) "echo, reflected sound") is "automatic imitative actions without explicit awareness" [1] or pathological repetitions of external stimuli or activities, actions, sounds, or phrases, indicative of an underlying disorder.
The American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) is a professional association for speech–language pathologists, audiologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists in the United States and internationally. The association reported over 234,000 members and affiliates in its 2023 report.
ASHA has cited that 24.1% of children in school in the fall of 2003 received services for speech or language disorders—this amounts to a total of 1,460,583 children between 3 –21 years of age. [14] Additional ASHA prevalence figures have suggested the following: Stuttering affects approximately 4% to 5% of children between the ages of 2 and 4.
For example, the definitions offered by the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association differ from those of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV). [ 4 ] Gleason (2001) defines a communication disorder as a speech and language disorder which refers to problems in communication and in related areas such as oral motor function.