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The use of runes persisted even after the adoption of the Latin alphabet, particularly in the Scandinavian countries, where they continued to be used in magical practices well into the medieval period. Modern runic magic often draws on these ancient traditions, using runes for divination, protection spells, and other esoteric purposes. [11]
The Theban alphabet has not been found in any publications prior to that of Trithemius, [citation needed] and bears little visual resemblance to most other alphabets. [5] There is one-to-one correspondence between Theban and the letters in the old Latin alphabet. The modern characters J and U are not represented.
The alphabet developed from Old Italic script, which had developed from a variant of the Greek alphabet, which had developed from a variant of the Phoenician alphabet. The Latin alphabet most resembles the Greek alphabet that can be seen on black-figure pottery dating to c. 540 BC, especially the Euboean regional variant.
The signs appear mostly on apotropaic spells and phylacteries, but also on a few ancient curse tablets. [1] They may appear as loose groups of characters on a magical gemstone or spell to large groups alongside other figures on a magical text or table. [ 3 ]
Passing of the River script, described by Agrippa in Of Occult Philosophy, English edition. Transitus Fluvii ("passing through the river" in Latin) or Passage Du Fleuve (in French) is an occult alphabet consisting of 22 characters described by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa in his Third Book of Occult Philosophy (Cologne, 1533, but written around 1510).
Magic tablet from Pergamon with Greek voces magicae surrounding each of the figures. Voces magicae (singular: vox magica, "magical names" or "magical words") or voces mysticae [1] are pronounceable but incomprehensible magical formulas that occur in spells, charms, curses, and amulets from Classical Antiquity, including Ancient Greece, Egypt, and Rome.
The term Latin alphabet may refer to either the alphabet used to write Latin (as described in this article) or other alphabets based on the Latin script, which is the basic set of letters common to the various alphabets descended from the classical Latin alphabet, such as the English alphabet.
Roman cursive (or Latin cursive) is a form of handwriting (or a script) used in ancient Rome and to some extent into the Middle Ages. It is customarily divided into old (or ancient) cursive and new cursive.