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Pattens were worn during the Middle Ages outdoors, and in public places, over (outside of) the thin soled shoes of that era. Pattens were worn by both men and women during the Middle Ages, and are especially seen in art from the 15th century; a time when poulaines—shoes with very long, pointed toes—were particularly in fashion.
A woodcut of Kraków (Latin: Cracovia) in Poland from the 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle. The usual English name poulaine [1] [2] (/ p u ˈ l eɪ n /) is a borrowing and clipping of earlier Middle French soulers a la poulaine ("shoes in the Polish fashion") from the style's supposed origin in medieval Poland. [3]
Reconstruction of a 16th-century Venetian chopine. On display at the Shoe Museum in Lausanne. Calcagnetti (Chopine)- Correr Museum. A chopine is a type of women's platform shoe that was popular in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. Chopines were originally used as a patten, clog, or overshoe to protect shoes and dresses from mud and street soil.
It appeared in Medieval Latin as pigacia [3] [4] and pigatia. [5] The pigache is also known as the pigage , [ 6 ] pulley shoe , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] pulley toe , [ 1 ] or pulley-toe shoe . [ 9 ] Less often, Orderic Vitalis 's terms of opprobrium are reworked into names: scorpion's tail or ram's horn shoe . [ 10 ]
A turnshoe is a type of leather shoe that was used during the Middle Ages. It was so named because it was put together inside out, and then was turned right-side-out once finished: this hides the main seam between the sole and vamp—prolonging the life of the shoe [1] and inhibiting moisture leaking in through the seam.
Some medieval pattens were in two pieces, heel through to ball and ball to toes. Joining the two was a leather strip forming a hinge, thus allowing the shoe above to flex. [ 6 ] Klompen may have a carefully placed ease (space left around the foot), which allows the foot to bend, and the heel to lift within or out of the clog.
Women from the 14th century wore laced ankle-boots, which were often lined with fur. Later in the 15th century, women began to wear long-toed footwear styled on men's poulaines. They used outer shoes called pattens—often themselves with elongated toes during this era—to protect their shoes proper while outside. [34]
Early medieval European dress, from about 400 AD to 1100 AD, changed very gradually. The main feature of the period was the meeting of late Roman costume with that of the invading peoples who moved into Europe over this period.