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The HFE family of cryptosystems is based on the hardness of the problem of finding solutions to a system of multivariate quadratic equations (the so-called MQ problem) since it uses private affine transformations to hide the extension field and the private polynomials. Hidden Field Equations also have been used to construct digital signature ...
The Trailer general field value indicates that the given set of header fields is present in the trailer of a message encoded with chunked transfer coding. Trailer: Max-Forwards: Permanent RFC 9110: Transfer-Encoding: The form of encoding used to safely transfer the entity to the user.
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
The values of parameters are derived via learning. Examples of hyperparameters include learning rate, the number of hidden layers and batch size. [citation needed] The values of some hyperparameters can be dependent on those of other hyperparameters. For example, the size of some layers can depend on the overall number of layers.
David Cope created an AI called Emily Howell that managed to become well known in the field of algorithmic computer music. [250] The algorithm behind Emily Howell is registered as a US patent. [251] In 2012, AI Iamus created the first complete classical album. [252]
The artificial neuron activation function should not be confused with a linear system's transfer function. An artificial neuron may be referred to as a semi-linear unit, Nv neuron, binary neuron, linear threshold function, or McCulloch–Pitts (MCP) neuron, depending on the structure used.
In a convolutional neural network, the hidden layers include one or more layers that perform convolutions. Typically this includes a layer that performs a dot product of the convolution kernel with the layer's input matrix. This product is usually the Frobenius inner product, and its activation function is commonly ReLU. As the convolution ...
The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous computing, commodity sensors, and increasingly powerful embedded systems, as well as machine learning. [9] Older fields of embedded systems , wireless sensor networks , control systems, automation (including home and building automation ), independently ...