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For a more exhaustive discussion of countries using the U.S. dollar as official or customary currency, or using currencies which are pegged to the U.S. dollar, see International use of the U.S. dollar#Dollarization and fixed exchange rates and Currency substitution#US dollar. Countries using the U.S. dollar as their official currency include:
This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY).
It also sought to move away from the US dollar in trade, particularly with countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Russia has also been stockpiling gold as a hedge against potential future shocks to its reserves. Gold, being a traditional store of value, is not subject to the same sanctions and restrictions as foreign currency holdings.
The chart below reflects the average (mean) wage as reported by various data providers, like Eurostat. [1] The salary distribution is right-skewed, therefore more than 50% of people earn less than the average gross salary. Thus, median figures might be more representative than averages. [2] These figures will shrink after income tax is applied.
Conversion of the measurement to cup size is shown in the "Measuring cup size" table. [ 73 ] Note that, in general, countries that employ metric cup sizing (like in § Continental Europe ) have their own system of 2 cm (0.79 in) increments that result in cup sizes which differ from those using inches, since 1 inch (2.54 cm) does not equal 2 ...
1998 - $20 bill gets a new design with a larger portrait; 2000 - $10 bill and $5 bill get a new design with a larger portrait; 2003 - $20 bill gets a new design with no oval around Andrew Jackson's portrait and more colors; 2004 - $50 bill gets a new design with no oval around Ulysses S. Grant's portrait and more colors
The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the late 1920s to 1932 [1] [2] as well as from 1944 until 1971 when the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. [3]
Apollo 16 landed in the Descartes Highlands on April 20, 1972. The crew was commanded by John Young, with Ken Mattingly and Charles Duke. Young and Duke spent just under three days on the surface, with a total of over 20 hours EVA. [121] Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo program, landing in the Taurus–Littrow region in December 1972.