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The Born–Haber cycle is an approach to analyze reaction energies. It was named after two German scientists, Max Born and Fritz Haber , who developed it in 1919. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was also independently formulated by Kazimierz Fajans [ 4 ] and published concurrently in the same journal. [ 1 ]
In these cases the polarization energy E pol associated with ions on polar lattice sites may be included in the Born–Haber cycle. As an example, one may consider the case of iron-pyrite FeS 2 . It has been shown that neglect of polarization led to a 15% difference between theory and experiment in the case of FeS 2 , whereas including it ...
Stability and other properties can be predicted using energy calculations and computational chemistry. "[Using] the Born–Haber cycle to estimate ... the heat of formation... can be used to determine whether a hypothetical compound is stable."
Standard enthalpy change of formation in Born–Haber diagram for lithium fluoride. Δ latt H corresponds to U L in the text. The downward arrow "electron affinity" shows the negative quantity –EA F, since EA F is usually defined as positive.
A chance meeting with Fritz Haber that month led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle. [25] Even before Born had taken up the chair in Berlin, von Laue had changed his mind, and decided that he wanted it after all. [23]
The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. In 1918 [ 1 ] Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term.
The calculated lattice energy gives a good estimation for the Born–Landé equation; the real value differs in most cases by less than 5%. Furthermore, one is able to determine the ionic radii (or more properly, the thermochemical radius) using the Kapustinskii equation when the lattice energy is known.
The book was originally started by Born in c. 1940, and was finished in the 1950s by Huang in consultation with Born. The text is considered a classical treatise on the subject of lattice dynamics, phonon theory, and elasticity in crystalline solids, but excluding metals and other complex solids with order/disorder phenomena.