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Therefore, all patients receiving TPN must also receive biotin at the recommended daily dose, especially if TPN therapy is expected to last more than 1 week. All hospital pharmacies currently include biotin in TPN preparations. [2] Protein deficiency (not certain): A shortage of proteins involved in biotin homeostasis can cause biotin deficiency.
Mutations in the BTD gene cause biotinidase deficiency. Biotinidase is the enzyme that is made by the BTD gene. Many mutations that cause the enzyme to be nonfunctional or to be produced at extremely low levels have been identified. Biotin is a vitamin that is chemically bound to proteins. (Most vitamins are only loosely associated with proteins.)
A 2013 review suggested probiotics are effective in treating persistent diarrhea in children, though more research is needed. Persistent diarrhea is an episode that starts acutely but then lasts for 14 days or more; In developing countries it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years old. The study showed ...
Signs of a biotin deficiency may appear gradually, per the NIH. In the later stages, a biotin deficiency can cause: Hair thinning. Hair loss. A scaly, red rash around orifices. Dry, red eyes ...
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for premature and term newborn and young infants. Untreated, consequences can cause brain damage or death. The prevalence of VKDB is reported at 0.25 to 1.7%, with higher risk in Asian populations.
Subclinical deficiency can cause mild symptoms, such as hair thinning, brittle fingernails, or skin rash, typically on the face. [2] [4] Aside from inadequate dietary intake (rare), biotin deficiency can be caused by a genetic disorder that affects biotin metabolism. The most common among these is biotinidase deficiency.
One important note: Excess biotin can also "cause incorrect results in certain laboratory tests that look at thyroid levels and blood markers that can help diagnose heart attacks," says Dr. Castillo.
Pernicious anemia often presents slowly, and can cause harm insidiously and unnoticeably. Untreated, it can lead to neurological complications, and in serious cases, death. [19] The onset may be vague and slow and the condition can be confused with other conditions, and there may be few to many symptoms without anemia. [20]