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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
Although closure of a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect theoretically removes the pathway for an arterial embolus to enter venous circulation and cause a paradoxical embolism, data suggests that closing intracardiac shunts is no more effective than medical management alone in preventing strokes. [2]
Classic for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD). A PFO is lack of closure of the foramen ovale. At first, this produces a left-to-right heart shunt. This does not produce cyanosis, but causes pulmonary hypertension. Longstanding uncorrected atrial septal defects can also result in Eisenmenger syndrome.
Balloon septostomy is the widening of a foramen ovale, patent foramen ovale (PFO), or atrial septal defect (ASD) via cardiac catheterization (heart cath) using a balloon catheter. This procedure allows a greater amount of oxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation in some cases of cyanotic congenital heart defect ( CHD ).
745 Bulbus cordis anomalies and anomalies of cardiac septal closure. 745.0 Common truncus; 745.1 Transposition of great vessels; 745.2 Tetralogy of fallot; 745.3 Common ventricle; 745.4 Ventricular septal defect; 745.5 Atrial septal defect; 745.6 Endocardial cushion defects; 745.7 Cor biloculare; 746 Other congenital anomalies of heart
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) – An atrial septal defect in that the foramen ovale fails to close at birth. Persistent truncus arteriosus – Defect in that the truncus arteriosus fails to divide. Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) – Narrowing of the pulmonary valve that is the key finding in Noonan syndrome.
The foramen ovale stays open because of the flow of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. As the lungs expand, blood flows easily through the lungs and the membranous portion of the foramen ovale (the septum primum) flops over the muscular portion (the septum secundum). If the closure is incomplete, the result is a patent foramen ...
An Atrial septal defect is a relatively common heart malformation that occurs when the interatrial septum fails to develop properly. Persistence of the ostium secundum is the most common atrial septal defect. [3] Additionally, in a subset of the population, the foramen ovale is not overtly patent but the two septa have not fused.
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