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  2. Azimuthal equidistant projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal_equidistant...

    The operator simply finds on the map the location of the target transmitter or receiver (i.e. the other antenna being communicated with) and uses the map to determine the azimuth angle needed to point the operator's antenna. The operator would use an electric rotator to point the antenna. The map can also be used in one way communication.

  3. South Pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole

    The South Pole is by definition the southernmost point on the Earth, lying antipodally to the North Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° South, as well as the direction of true south. At the South Pole all directions point North; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. No time zone has been ...

  4. South magnetic pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_magnetic_pole

    The south magnetic pole, also known as the magnetic south pole, is the point on Earth's Southern Hemisphere where the geomagnetic field lines are directed perpendicular to the nominal surface. The Geomagnetic South Pole, a related point, is the south pole of an ideal dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field that most closely fits the Earth's ...

  5. Earth's magnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field

    As an approximation, it is represented by a field of a magnetic dipole currently tilted at an angle of about 11° with respect to Earth's rotational axis, as if there were an enormous bar magnet placed at that angle through the center of Earth. The North geomagnetic pole (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada) actually represents the South pole of ...

  6. Astronomical coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate...

    In astronomy, coordinate systems are used for specifying positions of celestial objects (satellites, planets, stars, galaxies, etc.) relative to a given reference frame, based on physical reference points available to a situated observer (e.g. the true horizon and north to an observer on Earth's surface). [1]

  7. Stereographic map projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereographic_map_projection

    Because the expression for diverges as approaches , the stereographic projection is infinitely large, and showing the South Pole (for a map centered on the North Pole) is impossible. However, it is possible to show points arbitrarily close to the South Pole as long as the boundaries of the map are extended far enough.

  8. Universal polar stereographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Polar...

    As with the Mercator projection, the region near the tangent (or secant) point on a Stereographic map remains very close to true scale for an angular distance of a few degrees. In the ellipsoidal model, a stereographic projection tangent to the pole has a scale factor of less than 1.003 at 84° latitude and 1.008 at 80° latitude.

  9. Cardinal direction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.