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  2. Topping out - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topping_out

    Topping out in southern Denmark. In building construction, topping out (sometimes referred to as topping off) is a builders' rite traditionally held when the last beam (or its equivalent) is placed at the top of a structure during its construction.

  3. Engineering, procurement, and construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering,_procurement...

    The EPC contractor coordinates all design, procurement and construction work and ensures that the whole project is completed as required and in time. They may or may not undertake actual site work. EPC companies are often used in large-scale projects, such as power plants, refineries, chemical processing facilities, infrastructure projects, and ...

  4. Glossary of structural engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_structural...

    It is commonly used in commercial transactions, business or policy decisions (particularly public policy), and project investments. Bent (structural) – Bents are the building blocks that define the overall shape and character of a structure. They do not have any sort of pre-defined configuration in the way that a Pratt truss does. Rather ...

  5. Engineering drawing abbreviations and symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_drawing...

    A general note applies generally and is not called out with flags. 2. Find number: "FN" meaning "find number" refers to the ordinal number that gives an ID tag to one of the constituents in a parts list (list of materials, bill of materials). Thus "fasten using FN7" refers to a fastener that is "find number" 7 in the list. FoS: feature of size

  6. Glossary of construction cost estimating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_construction...

    A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...

  7. List of construction trades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_construction_trades

    Mason, a tradesperson skilled variously in brick and blocklaying, concrete finishing (the placement, finishing, protecting and repairing of concrete in construction projects). [7] Also stonemason, marble setter and polisher, tile setter and polisher, terrazzo worker and finisher. Hod carrier is a subsidiary trade (also see Laborer).

  8. Glossary of civil engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_civil_engineering

    Also Abrams' water-cement ratio law. A law which states that the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. As the water content increases, the strength of the concrete decreases. abrasion The process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away a substance or substrate. It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using ...

  9. Construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction

    Construction along Ontario Highway 401, widening the road from six to twelve travel lanes. A construction project is a complex net of construction contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, and provides structures to ...