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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
The Gaussian binomial coefficient, written as () or [], is a polynomial in q with integer coefficients, whose value when q is set to a prime power counts the number of subspaces of dimension k in a vector space of dimension n over , a finite field with q elements; i.e. it is the number of points in the finite Grassmannian (,).
In mathematics, Pascal's rule (or Pascal's formula) is a combinatorial identity about binomial coefficients.It states that for positive natural numbers n and k, + = (), where () is a binomial coefficient; one interpretation of the coefficient of the x k term in the expansion of (1 + x) n.
The main reason for studying these numbers is to obtain their factorizations.Aside from algebraic factors, which are obtained by factoring the underlying polynomial (binomial) that was used to define the number, such as difference of two squares and sum of two cubes, there are other prime factors (called primitive prime factors, because for a given they do not factorize with <, except for a ...
Thus many identities on binomial coefficients carry over to the falling and rising factorials. The rising and falling factorials are well defined in any unital ring, and therefore can be taken to be, for example, a complex number, including negative integers, or a polynomial with complex coefficients, or any complex-valued function.
There are many other combinatorial interpretations of binomial coefficients (counting problems for which the answer is given by a binomial coefficient expression), for instance the number of words formed of n bits (digits 0 or 1) whose sum is k is given by (), while the number of ways to write = + + + where every a i is a nonnegative integer is ...
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Binomial (polynomial), a polynomial with two terms; Binomial coefficient, numbers appearing in the expansions of powers of binomials; Binomial QMF, a perfect-reconstruction orthogonal wavelet decomposition; Binomial theorem, a theorem about powers of binomials; Binomial type, a property of sequences of polynomials; Binomial series, a ...