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  2. Synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse

    Synapses are essential for the transmission of neuronal impulses from one neuron to the next, [9] playing a key role in enabling rapid and direct communication by creating circuits. In addition, a synapse serves as a junction where both the transmission and processing of information occur, making it a vital means of communication between ...

  3. Electrical synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_synapse

    An electrical synapse, or gap junction, is a mechanical and electrically conductive synapse, a functional junction between two neighboring neurons. The synapse is formed at a narrow gap between the pre- and postsynaptic neurons known as a gap junction .

  4. Plant perception (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_perception_(physiology)

    Plant perception is the ability of plants to sense and respond to the environment by adjusting their morphology and physiology. [1] Botanical research has revealed that plants are capable of reacting to a broad range of stimuli, including chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, parasite infestation, disease, physical disruption ...

  5. Neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

    An autapse is a synapse in which a neuron's axon connects to its dendrites. The human brain has some 8.6 x 10 10 (eighty six billion) neurons. [31] [32] Each neuron has on average 7,000 synaptic connections to other neurons. It has been estimated that the brain of a three-year-old child has about 10 15 synapses (1 quadrillion).

  6. Plant communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_communication

    Plant resting membrane potentials range from -80 to -200 mV. [26] [25] High H+-ATPase activity corresponds with hyperpolarization (up to -200mV), making it harder to depolarize and fire an action potential. [25] [24] [27] [31] This is why it is essential for calcium ions to inactivate H+-ATPase activity so that depolarization can be reached.

  7. Gap junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction

    An electrical synapse is a gap junction that can transmit action potentials between neurons. Such synapses create bidirectional continuous-time electrical coupling [12] [13] between neurons. Connexon pairs act as generalized regulated gates for ions and smaller molecules between cells.

  8. Plant intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_intelligence

    In response to this article, Francisco Calvo Garzón published an article in Plant Signaling and Behavior. [7] He states that, while plants do not have neurons as animals do, they do possess an information-processing system composed of cells. He argues that this system can be used as a basis for discussing the cognitive abilities of plants.

  9. Evolution of nervous systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems

    They do, however, have homologs of many genes that play key roles in synaptic function. Recent studies have shown that sponge cells express a group of proteins that cluster together to form a structure resembling a postsynaptic density (the signal-receiving part of a synapse). [13] However, the function of this structure is currently unclear.