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Positivity effect (Socioemotional selectivity theory) That older adults favor positive over negative information in their memories. See also euphoric recall: Primacy effect: Where an item at the beginning of a list is more easily recalled. A form of serial position effect. See also recency effect and suffix effect. Processing difficulty effect
The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.
The opposite of the halo is the horn effect, when "individuals believe (that negative) traits are inter-connected." [ 55 ] The term horn effect refers to Devil's horns . [ citation needed ] It works in a negative direction: if the observer dislikes one aspect of something, they will have a negative predisposition towards other aspects.
The effects of childhood trauma on brain development can hinder emotional regulation and impair of social skill [7] development. Research indicates that children raised in traumatic or risky family environments often display excessive internalizing (e.g., social withdrawal, anxiety ) or externalizing (e.g., aggressive behavior), and suicidal ...
Exposure to ACEs, which exert effect by increasing an individual exposure to toxic stress during key periods of development, has also been linked to higher risks of chronic diseases, respiratory and heart disease, cancer and suicide. [4] More specifically, improper prenatal care increases the risk of premature births and complications during ...
The defense is particularly susceptible to these effects since their actions are the ones being scrutinized by the jury. The hindsight bias causes defendants to be judged as capable of preventing the bad outcome. [52] Although much stronger for the defendants, hindsight bias also affects the plaintiffs. In cases that there is an assumption of ...
These effects are also increased when they expect discrimination due to their identification with a negatively stereotyped group. [11] Repeated experiences of stereotype threat can lead to a vicious circle of diminished confidence, poor performance, and loss of interest in the relevant area of achievement. [ 8 ]
After being presented with negative faces, low FNE participants did not display any increased apprehension, whereas high FNE participants displayed more apprehension. [9] FNE is a direct cause of eating disorders caused by social anxieties (i.e., the fear of being negatively evaluated upon appearance). It ranks higher than depression and social ...