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These adjustments are the camber, caster and toe. [2] On some cars, not all of these can be adjusted on every wheel. These three parameters can be further categorized into front and rear (with no caster on the rear, typically not being steered wheels). In summary, the parameters are: Front: Caster (left & right) Front: Camber (left & right)
Front suspension of a race car — the caster angle is formed by the line between upper and lower ball joint An example of a chopper with a raked fork at an extreme caster angle The caster angle [ 1 ] or castor angle [ 2 ] is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car , motorcycle ...
Upload file; Special pages; Printable version; Page information; Get shortened URL; Download QR code; In other projects ... English: Diagram indicating caster angle ...
Self aligning torque , slip angle , and camber angle are also shown. Self aligning torque ( SAT ), also known as aligning torque or aligning moment ( Mz , moment about the z direction ), is the torque that a tire creates as it rolls along, which tends to steer it, i.e. rotate it around its vertical axis.
However, any camber affects the contact patch of the tire while driving in a straight line. Zero camber gives the best traction as it maximises the contact patch between the road and the tires and puts the tire tread flat on the road. Therefore excessive camber impairs straight driving in rain and snow and when accelerating hard.
Toe is usually adjustable in production automobiles, even though caster angle and camber angle are often not adjustable. Maintenance of front-end alignment , which used to involve all three adjustments, currently involves only setting the toe; in most cases, even for a car in which caster or camber are adjustable, only the toe will need adjustment.
Modern cars do not use pure Ackermann steering, partly because it ignores important dynamic and compliant effects, but the principle is sound for low-speed maneuvers. Some racing cars use reverse Ackermann geometry to compensate for the large difference in slip angle between the inner and outer front tires while cornering at high speed.
Camber thrust: Camber thrust and camber force are the force generated perpendicular to the direction of travel of a rolling tire due to its camber angle and finite contact patch. [ 26 ] Circle of forces : The circle of forces , traction circle, friction circle, or friction ellipse is a useful way to think about the dynamic interaction between a ...