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  2. Urea cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_cycle

    The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. [1] This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, [2] [3] [4] five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen.

  3. Mitochondrial matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_matrix

    The second step facilitated by ornithine transcarbamylase converts carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline. After these initial steps the urea cycle continues in the inner membrane space until ornithine once again enters the matrix through a transport channel to continue the first to steps within matrix. [12]

  4. Argininosuccinate lyase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argininosuccinate_lyase

    Some aquatic organisms release the toxin right directly into their environment, while other ureotelic species must convert their toxic nitrogen waste into non-toxic components, like uric acid or urea, through a series of catalyzed steps better known as the urea cycle. ASL catalyzes the fourth step in the cycle, following the action of ...

  5. Argininosuccinate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argininosuccinate_synthase

    A few mutations lead to the production of an abnormally short enzyme that cannot effectively play its role in the urea cycle. Defects in ASS disrupt the third step of the urea cycle, preventing the liver from processing excess nitrogen into urea. As a result, nitrogen (in the form of ammonia) and other byproducts of the urea cycle (such as ...

  6. Ornithine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine

    L-Ornithine is one of the products of the action of the enzyme arginase on L-arginine, creating urea. Therefore, ornithine is a central part of the urea cycle, which allows for the disposal of excess nitrogen. Ornithine is recycled and, in a manner, is a catalyst. First, ammonia is converted into carbamoyl phosphate (H 2 NC(O)OPO 2−

  7. Metabolic pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway

    [5]: 572 To the right is an illustration of the amphibolic properties of the TCA cycle. The glyoxylate shunt pathway is an alternative to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, for it redirects the pathway of TCA to prevent full oxidation of carbon compounds, and to preserve high energy carbon sources as future energy sources. This pathway occurs ...

  8. File:Urea cycle 1.png - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urea_cycle_1.png

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  9. Ornithine decarboxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine_decarboxylase

    The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17, ODC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine (a product of the urea cycle) to form putrescine. This reaction is the committed step in polyamine synthesis. [1] In humans, this protein has 461 amino acids and forms a homodimer. [2] In humans, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is expressed by the ...