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Gorbachev became first and last president of the Union. [2] His tenure was marked by the legal and political confrontation with Russia and other republics of the USSR which eventually led to their full independence in late 1991.
At the age of 54, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected to the general secretariat by Politburo on 11 March 1985. [29] In May 1985, Gorbachev publicly admitted the slowing down of the economic development and inadequate living standards, being the first Soviet leader to do so while also beginning a series of fundamental reforms.
Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022) [22] 1 October 1988 25 May 1989 236 days 11th–12th Convocation: Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1989–1990) [note 3] Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022) [22] 25 May 1989 15 March 1990 294 days 12th Convocation: President of the Soviet Union (1990–1991) Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022) [22] 15 March 1990 25 ...
In his relations with the developing world, Gorbachev found many of its leaders professing revolutionary socialist credentials or a pro-Soviet attitude—such as Libya's Muammar Gaddafi and Syria's Hafez al-Assad—frustrating, and his best personal relationship was instead with India's prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi. [100]
Gorbachev continued to defend perestroika but acknowledged that he had made tactical errors as Soviet leader. [446] While he still believed that Russia was undergoing a process of democratization, he concluded that it would take decades rather than years, as he had previously thought. [451] Gorbachev with Argentine president Carlos Menem in 1999
The only person to hold this office was Gennady Yanayev, who the following year became the leader of the Gang of Eight which attempted the August coup, assuming the position of acting president of the Soviet Union on 19 August 1991. After three days the coup collapsed and Gorbachev was restored.
Yanayev had initially been rejected by the Supreme Soviet, but he was finally approved by a second vote due to Gorbachev's insistence, (by a vote of 1,237 for to 563 against), only days after Shevardnadze had resigned from office due to Gorbachev's willingness to give leeway to conservatives. Yanayev said after the vote "I am a Communist to the ...
The Supreme Soviet consisted of two chambers, the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities which had equal rights [6] and an equal number of deputies. The Soviet of the Union was elected by constituencies with equal populations while the Soviet of Nationalities was elected on the basis of the following representation: 32 deputies from each Union Republic, 11 deputies from each ...