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There are also sex differences in personality traits and Axis I and II comorbidity. [233] Men with BPD are more likely to recreationally use substances, have explosive temper, high levels of novelty seeking and have (especially) antisocial, narcissistic , passive-aggressive or sadistic personality traits (male BPD being characterised by ...
Type of personality disorder Predominant sex Notes Paranoid personality disorder: Inconclusive In clinical samples men have higher rates, whereas epidemiologically there is a reported higher rate of women [95] although due the controversy of paranoid personality disorder the usefulness of these results is disputed [87] [96] Schizoid personality ...
In psychology, personality type refers to the psychological classification of individuals. In contrast to personality traits, the existence of personality types remains extremely controversial. [1] [2] Types are sometimes said to involve qualitative differences between people, whereas traits might be construed as quantitative differences. [3]
Women are also four times more likely to develop chronic PTSD compared to men. [44] There are observed differences in the types of symptoms experienced by men and women. [43] Women are more likely to experience specific sub-clusters of symptoms, such as re-experiencing symptoms (e.g. flashbacks), hypervigilance, feeling depressed and numbness.
In the scientific and academic literature on the definition or categorization of mental disorders, one extreme argues that it is entirely a matter of value judgments (including of what is normal) while another proposes that it is or could be entirely objective and scientific (including by reference to statistical norms); [2] other views argue that the concept refers to a "fuzzy prototype" that ...
The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures among the types where an individual's personality types overlap and they share two or more temperaments.
This theory examines how individual personality differences are based on natural selection. Through natural selection organisms change over time through adaptation and selection. Traits are developed and certain genes come into expression based on an organism's environment and how these traits aid in an organism's survival and reproduction.
A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, [6] a mental health condition, [7] or a psychiatric disability, [2] is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. [8]