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Treatment of such infections can be difficult due to multiple antibiotic resistance, [4] and in the United States, there was an increase in MDRPA (Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa) resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and aminoglycosides, from 0.9% in 1994 to 5.6% in 2002. [5]
Cefoperazone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, marketed by Pfizer under the name Cefobid. It is one of few cephalosporin antibiotics effective in treating Pseudomonas bacterial infections which are otherwise resistant to these antibiotics. It was patented in 1974 and approved for medical use in 1981. [1]
Antibiotics should be used selectively in most cases of uncomplicated diverticulitis. However, antibiotic use is strongly advised in immunocompromised patients. [11] Colonoscopy is recommended 6–8 weeks after an episode of complicated diverticulitis or a first-ever episode of diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis .
Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria.The 348 members of the genus [2] [3] demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a wide range of niches. [4]
If antibiotics are started empirically, then every effort should be made to obtain cultures (before administering the first dose of antibiotic), and the choice of antibiotic used should be reviewed when the culture results are available. The antibiogram of P. aeruginosa on Mueller–Hinton agar
Because it is a penicillin, it also falls within the larger class of β-lactam antibiotics. Its main clinical use is as an injectable antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. It is also one of the few antibiotics capable of treating Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.
As of 2017, there are no guidelines available to direct treatment. [6] Treatment may include antibiotics, aminosalicylates, and corticosteroids. Antibiotics include ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, given for 14 days. If symptoms recur after improvement with antibiotics, a second course of antibiotics may be given.
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