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The World Bank estimates that over 150 billion cubic metres (5.3 × 10 ^ 12 cu ft) of natural gas are flared or vented annually, an amount worth approximately $30.6 billion, equivalent to 25% of the United States' gas consumption or 30% of the European Union's annual gas consumption, [13] a resource that could be useful using GTL. Gas-to ...
INFRA M100 Gas-To-Liquid Plant near Houston, TX. In 2010, INFRA built a compact Pilot Plant for conversion of natural gas into synthetic oil. The plant modeled the full cycle of the GTL chemical process including the intake of pipeline gas, sulfur removal, steam methane reforming, syngas conditioning, and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
The examples described below indicate a wide range of production costs between $20/BBL for large-scale gas-to-liquids, to as much as $240/BBL for small-scale biomass-to-liquids and carbon capture and sequestration. [30] In order to be economically viable, projects must do much better than just being competitive head-to-head with oil.
The STG+ process uses standard catalysts similar to those used in other gas to liquids technologies, specifically in methanol to gasoline processes. Methanol to gasoline processes favor molecular size- and shape-selective zeolite catalysts, [ 2 ] and the STG+ process also utilizes commercially available shape-selective catalysts, such as ZSM-5 .
In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to ...
The total production of the liquid fuel during that period was 470,000 t and the cost was equivalent to ~60 USD per barrel of crude oil. [12] Other companies that have developed coal- or gas-to-liquids processes (at the pilot plant or commercial stage) include ExxonMobil, StatoilHydro, Rentech, and Syntroleum. [13] [14]
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The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process is a gas-to-liquid (GtL) process. [10] When biomass is the source of the gas production the process is also referred to as biomass-to-liquids (BTL). [21] [22] A disadvantage of this process is the high energy investment for the FT synthesis and consequently, the process is not yet economic.