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A cortical column is a group of neurons forming a cylindrical structure through the cerebral cortex of the brain perpendicular to the cortical surface. [1] The structure was first identified by Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle in 1957. He later identified minicolumns as the basic units of the neocortex which were arranged into columns. [2]
The reiterative nature of the cerebral cortex, in the sense that it is a vast array of repeating functional circuits, led to the idea that cortical evolution is governed by mechanisms regulating the addition of cortical columns, enabling additional functional areas to become specialized and incorporated into the brain.
A cortical minicolumn (also called cortical microcolumn [1]) is a vertical column through the cortical layers of the brain. Neurons within the microcolumn "receive common inputs, have common outputs, are interconnected, and may well constitute a fundamental computational unit of the cerebral cortex".
The column is the function unit of computation in the cortex. Neurons are color-coded by their layer: Layer II/III (green), Layer IV (purple), Layer V (red), Layer VI (yellow). The neocortex is often described as being arranged in vertical structures called cortical columns , patches of neocortex with a diameter of roughly 0.5 mm (and a depth ...
These are organised into horizontal cortical layers, and radially into cortical columns and minicolumns. Cortical areas have specific functions such as movement in the motor cortex, and sight in the visual cortex. The motor cortex is primarily located in the precentral gyrus, and the visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe.
The columns span multiple cortical layers, and are laid out in a striped pattern across the surface of the striate cortex (V1). The stripes lie perpendicular to the orientation columns . Ocular dominance columns were important in early studies of cortical plasticity , as it was found that monocular deprivation causes the columns to degrade ...
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The memory-prediction framework is a theory of brain function created by Jeff Hawkins and described in his 2004 book On Intelligence.This theory concerns the role of the mammalian neocortex and its associations with the hippocampi and the thalamus in matching sensory inputs to stored memory patterns and how this process leads to predictions of what will happen in the future.