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Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC), is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl 4. It is a non-flammable, dense, colourless liquid with a "sweet" chloroform-like odour that can be detected at low levels.
In polymer chemistry, chain transfer is a polymerization reaction by which the activity of a growing polymer chain is transferred to another molecule: [1] [2] + + where • is the active center, P is the initial polymer chain, X is the end group, and R is the substituent to which the active center is transferred.
The Wohl–Ziegler reaction [1] [2] is a chemical reaction that involves the allylic or benzylic bromination of hydrocarbons using an N-bromosuccinimide and a radical initiator. [3] Best yields are achieved with N-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride solvent. Several reviews have been published. [4] [5]
Chloroform undergoes further chlorination to yield carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4): CHCl 3 + Cl 2 → CCl 4 + HCl The output of this process is a mixture of the four chloromethanes: chloromethane , methylene chloride (dichloromethane), trichloromethane (chloroform), and tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride).
Structure and properties Index of refraction, n D: 1.460 Abbe number? Dielectric constant, ε r: 2.2379 ε 0 at 20 °C : Bond strength? Bond length: 175pm Bond angle: 109.5° Cl–C–Cl
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds that contain one or more carbon–chlorine bonds. [1] The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical ...
This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon. Trichloroethylene is a major byproduct, which is separated by distillation . Worldwide production was about 1 million metric tons (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) in 1985.
Thorium(IV) chloride can be produced in a variety of ways. One method is a carbothermic reaction, 700 °C to 2600 °C, involving thorium oxides and carbon in a stream of chlorine gas: ThO 2 + 2 C + 4 Cl 2 → ThCl 4 + 2 CO. The chlorination reaction can be effected with carbon tetrachloride: [3] [4] Th(C 2 O 4) 2 + CCl 4 → ThCl 4 + 3 CO + 3 CO 2