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The USART's synchronous capabilities were primarily intended to support synchronous protocols like IBM's synchronous transmit-receive (STR), binary synchronous communications (BSC), synchronous data link control (SDLC), and the ISO-standard high-level data link control (HDLC) synchronous link-layer protocols, which were used with synchronous voice-frequency modems.
Exar 16550. The 16550 UART (universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter) is an integrated circuit designed for implementing the interface for serial communications.The corrected -A version was released in 1987 by National Semiconductor. [1]
These type of baud rate detection mechanism are supported by many hardware chips including processors such as STM32 [1] MPC8280, MPC8360, and so on. When start bit length is used to determine the baud rate, it requires the character to be odd since UART sends LSB bit first – this particular bit order scheme is referred to as little-endian . [ 2 ]
This was an early example of a medium-scale integrated circuit. Another popular chip was the SCN2651 from the Signetics 2650 family. An example of an early 1980s UART was the National Semiconductor 8250 used in the original IBM PC's Asynchronous Communications Adapter card. [5] In the 1990s, newer UARTs were developed with on-chip buffers.
The STM32 F4-series is the first group of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M4F core. The F4-series is also the first STM32 series to have DSP and floating-point instructions. The F4 is pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F2-series and adds higher clock speed, 64 KB CCM static RAM, full-duplex I²S, improved real-time clock, and ...
For example, with 8-N-1 character framing, only 80% of the bits are available for data; for every eight bits of data, two more framing bits are sent. A standard series of rates is based on multiples of the rates for electromechanical teleprinters ; some serial ports allow many arbitrary rates to be selected, but the speeds on both sides of the ...
The 8250 UART was used in several 8-bit computers at least since 1978. IBM used the 8250 UART in the IBM PC (1981). The 8250A and 8250B revisions were later released, and the 16450 was introduced with the IBM Personal Computer/AT (1984).
Intel Corporation, "8251 Programmable Communication Interface", Intel 8080 Microcomputer Systems User's Manual, September 1975, page 5-135 from bitsaver.org in PDF ^ Intel Corporation, "Microcomputer Component: New industrial grade product line answers the demand for high-reliability components to operate in industrial applications.", Intel ...