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The theory of structuration is a social theory of the creation and reproduction of social systems that is based on the analysis of both structure and agents (see structure and agency), without giving primacy to either. Furthermore, in structuration theory, neither micro- nor macro-focused analysis alone is sufficient.
In the duality, the agency has much more influence on its lived environment than past structuralist theory had granted. The key to Giddens' explanation is his focus on the knowledgeability of the agent and the fact that the agency cannot exist or be analysed separately from its structure. They can only exist as a duality.
Constant sum: A game is a constant sum game if the sum of the payoffs to every player are the same for every single set of strategies. In these games, one player gains if and only if another player loses. A constant sum game can be converted into a zero sum game by subtracting a fixed value from all payoffs, leaving their relative order unchanged.
Anthony Giddens has developed structuration theory in such works as The Constitution of Society (1984). [7] He presents a developed attempt to move beyond the dualism of structure and agency and argues for the "duality of structure" – where social structure is both the medium and the outcome of social action , and agents and structures as ...
Modalities are fundamental to understanding the concept behind structuration. According to Anthony Giddens, modalities explain the properties of the structure. The structure is said to have both structural and individual qualities. Giddens refers to these structural modalities as "rules" and "resources" respectively.
The notion of a communicative constitution of organization comprises three schools of thought: [3] (1) The Montreal School, (2) the McPhee's Four Flows based on Gidden's Structuration Theory, and (3), Luhmann's Theory of Social Systems. All CCO perspectives agree that “communication is the primary mode of explaining social reality”. [3]
John Harsanyi – equilibrium theory (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1994) Monika Henzinger – algorithmic game theory and information retrieval; John Hicks – general equilibrium theory (including Kaldor–Hicks efficiency) Naira Hovakimyan – differential games and adaptive control; Peter L. Hurd – evolution of aggressive ...
Theorycraft (or theorycrafting) is the mathematical analysis of game mechanics (usually in video games) to discover optimal strategies and tactics.Theorycraft involves analyzing statistics, hidden systems or underlying game code in order to glean information that is not apparent during normal gameplay. [1]