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  2. Raunkiær plant life-form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raunkiær_plant_life-form

    Life forms: (1) Phanerophyte, (2; 3) Chamaephyte, (4) Hemicryptophyte, (5; 6) Geophyte, (7) Helophyte, (8; 9) Hydrophyte. Therophyte and epiphyte are not shown. The Raunkiær system is a system for categorizing plants using life-form categories, devised by Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær and later extended by various authors.

  3. Hayflick limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayflick_limit

    The Hayflick limit, or Hayflick phenomenon, is the number of times a normal somatic, differentiated human cell population will divide before cell division stops. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The concept of the Hayflick limit was advanced by American anatomist Leonard Hayflick in 1961, [ 3 ] at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.

  4. Maximum life span - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_life_span

    By another definition, however, maximum life span corresponds to the age at which the oldest known member of a species or experimental group has died. Calculation of the maximum life span in the latter sense depends upon the initial sample size. [1] Maximum life span contrasts with mean life span (average life span, life expectancy), and longevity.

  5. Chlorophyta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyta

    Chlorophyte microalgae are a valuable source of biofuel and various chemicals and products in industrial amounts, such as carotenoids, vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids. The genus Botryococcus is an efficient producer of hydrocarbons, which are converted into biodiesel .

  6. List of longest-living organisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest-living...

    The 100 species with longest life-spans recorded and verified [1] This is a list of the longest-living biological organisms: the individual(s) (or in some instances, clones) of a species with the longest natural maximum life spans. For a given species, such a designation may include:

  7. Plant senescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_senescence

    Plant senescence is the process of aging in plants. Plants have both stress-induced and age-related developmental aging. [1] Chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence reveals the carotenoids, such as anthocyanin and xanthophylls, which are the cause of autumn leaf color in deciduous trees.

  8. Glossary of plant morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology

    Biennial – plants that need two growing seasons to complete their life cycle, normally completing vegetative growth the first year and flowering the second year. Herbs – see herbaceous. Herbaceous – plants with shoot systems that die back to the ground each year – both annual and non-woody perennial plants.

  9. Photosymbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosymbiosis

    The only known freshwater bivalve with a symbiotic relationship are in the genus Anodonta which hosts the chlorophyte Chlorella in the gills and mantle of the host. [41] In bivalves, photosymbiosis is thought to have evolved twice, in the genus Anodonta and in the family Cardiidae. [ 42 ]