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Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, [7] is a contagious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. [1] Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs , but it can also affect other parts of the body. [ 1 ]
There is a vaccine for tuberculosis, which is not generally used in the U.S., but instead given to young children in countries where tuberculosis disease is common. This article was originally ...
TB in children: 2 to 5 mg/kg/day for one week, 1 mg/kg/day the next week, then tapered off over 5 weeks; Steroids may be of benefit in peritonitis, miliary disease, tubercular osteomyelitis, TB osteomyelitis, laryngeal TB, lymphadenitis, and genitourinary disease, but the evidence is scant and the routine use of steroids cannot be recommended.
XDR-TB raises concerns of a future TB epidemic with restricted treatment options, and jeopardizes the major gains made in TB control and progress on reducing TB deaths among people living with HIV/AIDS. It is therefore vital that TB control be managed properly and new tools developed to prevent, treat and diagnose the disease.
Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection vary widely and protection lasts up to 20 years. [9] Among children, it prevents about 20% from getting infected and among those who do get infected, it protects half from developing disease. [14] The vaccine is injected into the skin. [9] No evidence shows that additional doses are beneficial. [9]
Treatment of latent TB infection typically involves using a single drug for a prolonged period of time—the most common approach is Isoniazid for 9 months. Treatment of active TB disease is typically a combination of antibiotics, which results in patients being non-infectious to others usually within a few weeks.
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are vaccinations intended for the prevention of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy as a defence against TB was first proposed in 1890 by Robert Koch . [ 1 ] As of 2021, the only effective tuberculosis vaccine in common use is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, first used on humans in 1921.
It opened in July 1909, as an expression of Nathan Straus' desire to prevent the spread of tuberculosis among children. [2] The children were selected mainly by the Association of Tuberculosis Clinics and were passed upon by the Department of Health of New York City. There were 32 of these clinics, to the nearest of which the parents applied.