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Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial / ˈ m ɑːr ʃ əl /; March, between 38 and 41 AD – between 102 and 104 AD) was a Roman and Celtiberian [1] poet born in Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan.
Owen became distinguished for his perfect mastery of the Latin language, and for the humour, felicity and point of his epigrams. [2] His Latin epigrams, which have both sense and wit in a high degree, gained him much applause, and were translated into English, French, German, and Spanish.
1490 Latin edition of Martial's Epigrams, which, prior to the discovery of P. Oxy. 2891, were one of the main sources of information about Philaenis [25] The Roman epigrammatist Martial , who wrote in the late first century AD, uses a fictional character named Philaenis in his satires, [ 15 ] [ 26 ] [ 25 ] who may have been partially based on ...
He was considered one of three or four masters of the epigram form in the English language. [7] Many of his epigrams included social and moral observations and were incisive, acerbic, and judicatory. [8] Cunningham's epigrams (including his translations of the Latin poet Martial) and short poems were often witty and sometimes ribald.
Roman epigrams, however, were often more satirical than Greek ones, and at times used obscene language for effect. Latin epigrams could be composed as inscriptions or graffiti, such as this one from Pompeii, which exists in several versions and seems from its inexact meter to have been composed by a less educated person. Its content makes it ...
The verse was not mentioned as a nursery rhyme until late in the 19th century and did not appear in collections of such material. In 1802 it was quoted in an English parliamentary debate (with reference to Martial's epigram) as "the English parody". [4] The 1809 British Encyclopedia mentions its earlier appearance in a novel by Samuel ...
He also was a composer of poems, writing ecclesiastics and eulogies of English kings, and a book of moral epigrams in the style of Martial. Godfrey's genuine works were later often confused with those of Martial's. His work enjoyed considerable popularity in the century after his death and beyond. One of his poems is included in Carmina Burana. [1]
[2] [3] Euripides' phrase "underwent all kinds of variations", [4] [n 1] especially in Latin poets like Propertius, Ovid, Martial, and Persius; [9] [5] [10] [11] [12] although some minor variants like Sit Ei Terra Levis – abbreviated to SETL – are attested, [13] and excluding Roman Africa which developed its own stock formula (Ossa Tibi ...