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Eugenol / ˈ j uː dʒ ɪ n ɒ l / is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. [2] It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove , nutmeg , cinnamon , basil and bay leaf .
It is the methyl ether of eugenol and is important to insect behavior and pollination. [2] It is found in various essential oils. Methyl eugenol is found in a number of plants (over 450 species from 80 families including both angiosperm and gymnosperm families) and has a role in attracting pollinators. About 350 plant species have them as a ...
Warburg regarded the fundamental difference between normal and cancerous cells to be the ratio of glycolysis to respiration; this observation is also known as the Warburg effect. In the somatic mutation theory of cancer, malignant proliferation is caused by mutations and altered gene expression, in a process called malignant transformation ...
The H&E staining procedure is the principal stain in histology [3] [7] [2] [5] in part because it can be done quickly, [7] is not expensive, and stains tissues in such a way that a considerable amount of microscopic anatomy [9] [10] is revealed, [7] [5] [4] and can be used to diagnose a wide range of histopathologic conditions. [8]
A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may act as a carcinogen, because cancer is often linked to mutation. The test serves as a quick and convenient assay to estimate the carcinogenic potential of a compound because standard carcinogen assays on mice and rats are time-consuming (taking two to three years to ...
A third study found more than 2,000 genes differentially methylated between colon cancers and adjacent mucosa. Using gene set enrichment analysis, 569 out of 938 gene sets were hypermethylated and 369 were hypomethylated in cancers. [28] Hypomethylation of CpG islands in promoters results in overexpression of the genes or gene sets affected.
Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, but some genotoxic substances are not mutagenic.
It can be synthesized from eugenol and has been used in the manufacture of vanillin. It may occur as either the cis (Z) or trans (E) isomer. Trans (E) isoeugenol is crystalline while cis (Z) isoeugenol is a liquid. [6] Isoeugenol is one of several phenolic compounds responsible for the mold-inhibiting effect of smoke on meats and cheeses. [7]