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For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
For example, digit parses a digit, and string parses a specific string (like "hello"). Parser combinator libraries like Parsec provide utility functions to run the parsers on real values. A parser to recognize a single digit from a string can be split into two functions: one to create the parser, and a main function that calls one of these ...
In the Haskell source immediately below, :: can be read as "has type"; a -> b can be read as "is a function from a to b". (Thus the Haskell calc :: String -> [Float] can be read as "calc has type of a function from Strings to lists of Floats".)
Filter is a standard function for many programming languages, e.g., Haskell, [1] OCaml, [2] Standard ML, [3] or Erlang. [4] Common Lisp provides the functions remove-if and remove-if-not . [ 5 ] Scheme Requests for Implementation (SRFI) 1 provides an implementation of filter for the language Scheme . [ 6 ]
The creations of these functions can be automated by Haskell's data record syntax. This OCaml example which defines a red–black tree and a function to re-balance it after element insertion shows how to match on a more complex structure generated by a recursive data type. The compiler verifies at compile-time that the list of cases is ...
In CoffeeScript, the function keyword is replaced by the -> symbol, and indentation is used instead of curly braces, as in other off-side rule languages such as Python and Haskell. Also, parentheses can usually be omitted, using indentation level instead to denote a function or block. Thus, the CoffeeScript equivalent of the snippet above is:
Hugs deviates from the Haskell 98 specification [2] in several minor ways. [3] For example, Hugs does not support mutually recursive modules. A list of differences exists. [4] The Hugs prompt is a Haskell read–eval–print loop (REPL). It accepts expressions for evaluation, but not module, type, or function definitions.
All of the previous entry search functions can be replaced by general list-centric variants, such as find, find-if, find-if-not, as well as pertinent functions like position and its derivates. ;; Find an entry with the key "John Doe" and the value "555-1212".