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Bronchiectasis without CF is known as non-CF bronchiectasis. Historically, about half of all cases of non-CF bronchiectasis were found to be idiopathic , or without a known cause. [ 25 ] However, more recent studies with a more thorough diagnostic work-up have found an etiology in 60 to 90% of patients.
The bilateral bronchiectasis and prominent centri-lobular nodules with a "tree-in-bud" pattern shows noticeable improvement. The diagnosis of DPB requires analysis of the lungs and bronchiolar tissues, which can require a lung biopsy , or the more preferred high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the lungs. [ 7 ]
Whether the bronchiectasis leads to the MAC infection or is the result of it is not always known. [ 10 ] The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) includes common atypical bacteria, i.e. nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), found in the environment which can infect people with HIV and low CD4 cell count (below 100/microliter); mode of infection is ...
A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. [1] There are three types of parapneumonic effusions: uncomplicated effusions, complicated effusions, and empyema. Uncomplicated effusions generally respond well to ...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliopathy, that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear, fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells.
Interstitial lung disease affects gas flow in the alveoli The alveoli Micrograph of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). UIP is the most common pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (a type of interstitial lung disease) and usually represents idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow, problems exhaling, and frequent medical clinic visits and hospitalizations. Types of obstructive lung disease include asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Classically, MAC infection results in either upper lobe cavities in male smokers with COPD or bronchiectasis in thin, older women; however, it is possible to have both cavities and bronchiectasis in the same patient. [10] Similar to tuberculosis, the presence of cavities in MAC infection is associated with worse outcomes. [6]