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James Mallinson disagrees with the inclusion of supernatural accomplishments, and suggests that such fringe practices are far removed from the mainstream Yoga's goal as meditation-driven means to liberation in Indian religions. [65] A classic definition of yoga in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras 1.2 and 1.3, [19] [27] [66] [67] defines yoga as "the ...
Karma yoga, bhakti yoga and jnana yoga can also be described as sadhana; constant efforts to achieve maximum level of perfection in all streams of day-to-day life can be described as Sadhana. [ 5 ] Sādhanā can also refer to a tantric liturgy or liturgical manual, that is, the instructions to carry out a certain practice.
A "fourth yoga" is sometimes added, Raja Yoga or "the Path of Meditation". This is the classical Yoga presented in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali . Patanjali's system came to be known as Raja Yoga (Royal Yoga) retro-actively, in about the 15th century, as the term Yoga had become popular for the general concept of a "religious path".
In section 6.1, Yoga Vasistha introduces Yoga as follows, [100] Yoga is the utter transcendence of the mind and is of two types. Self-knowledge is one type, another is the restraint of the life-force of self limitations and psychological conditioning. Yoga has come to mean only the latter, yet both the methods lead to the same result.
Classical yoga emphasizes the practice of dhyana (meditation), and this is an element of all three classical paths in Hinduism, including jñāna yoga. [5] [16] In the Bhagavad Gita, jnana is equated with samkhya (yoga), the discernment of purusha, pure consciousness, as different from prakriti, matter and material desires.
Yoga as exercise's relationship to Hinduism is complex and contested; some Christians have rejected it on the grounds that it is covertly Hindu, while the "Take Back Yoga" campaign insisted that it was necessarily connected to Hinduism. Scholars have identified multiple trends in the changing nature of yoga since the end of the 19th century.
In Sanskrit texts, Rāja yoga (/ ˈ r ɑː dʒ ə ˈ j oʊ ɡ ə /) was both the goal of yoga and a method to attain it. The term also became a modern name for the practice of yoga [1] [2] in the 19th-century when Swami Vivekananda gave his interpretation of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali in his book Raja Yoga. [3]
Aside from this, Yogācāra also developed an elaborate analysis of consciousness and mental phenomena , as well as an extensive system of Buddhist spiritual practice, i.e. yoga. [1] The movement has been traced to the first centuries of the common era and seems to have developed as some yogis of the Sarvāstivāda and Sautrāntika traditions ...