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Wine production and consumption increased, burgeoning from the 15th century onwards as part of European expansion. Despite the devastating 1887 phylloxera louse infestation, modern science and technology adapted and industrial wine production and widespread consumption now occur throughout the world.
Wine is an alcoholic drink made from fermented fruit. Yeast consumes the sugar in the fruit and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Wine is most often made from grapes, and the term "wine" generally refers to grape wine when used without any qualification.
The history of wine-making stretches over millennia. There is evidence that suggests that the earliest wine production took place in Georgia and Iran around 6000 to 5000 B.C. [1] The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of ...
The Indian wine industry was reaching a peak by the time the phylloxera epidemic made its way to country and devastated its vineyards. [3] Indian variant of Chardonnay sparkling wine. It was a long road for the Indian wine industry to recover from the devastation at the end of the 19th century.
Some wineries managed to survive by making wine for religious services. However, grape growers prospered. Because making up to 200 US gallons (760 L) of wine at home per year was legal, such production increased from an estimated 4,000,000 US gallons (15,000,000 L) before Prohibition to 90,000,000 US gallons (340,000,000 L) five years after the imposition of the law.
The industry sold one billion glasses of wine in nearly 100 countries, and over 10% of the wine sold in Britain for more than £5 was from New Zealand. [ 36 ] As in many places in the world, an emerging trend in New Zealand wine is an increased recognition for high quality wines coming from small boutique wineries.
In the United Kingdom, red wine consumption volume increased by 35.71% between 2001 and 2005, making it the most consumed wine in the country, accounting for over half of total wine consumption. [11] Red wine represents 52% of total wine consumption in Spain, [9] 55.6% in Italy in 2004, [12] and 70% in Switzerland. [10]
Wine production in 2014 [1] Wines are produced in significant growing regions where vineyards are planted. Wine grapes mostly grow between the 30th and the 50th degrees of latitude, in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, typically in regions of Mediterranean climate. Grapes will sometimes grow beyond this range, thus minor amounts of ...