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Muscles and ligaments surround and attach to the SI joint in the front and back, primarily on the ilial or sacral surfaces. These can all be a source of pain and inflammation if the SI joint is dysfunctional. [9] [2] The sacroiliac joint is highly dependent on its strong ligamentous structure for support and stability. [9]
Symptoms commonly include prolonged, inflammatory pain in the lower back region, hips or buttocks. [1] [4] However, in more severe cases, pain can become more radicular and manifest itself in seemingly unrelated areas of the body including the legs, groin and feet. [citation needed] Symptoms are typically aggravated by: [citation needed]
The sartorius muscle can move the hip joint and the knee joint, but all of its actions are weak, making it a synergist muscle. [4] At the hip, it can flex, weakly abduct, and laterally rotate the femur. [4] At the knee, it can flex the leg; when the knee is flexed, sartorius medially rotates the leg.
The diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of a person's signs and symptoms. [2] X-rays and laboratory testing may support a diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. [1] Other diseases that may present similarly include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and fibromyalgia among others. [2]
Symptoms in these patients can often mimic those of rheumatoid arthritis with similar stiffness and pain patterns. Joints in the fingers, wrist, and knee tend to be the most affected. [ 69 ] Other features commonly seen in patients with Lupus include a skin rash (pictured on the right), extreme photosensitivity , hair loss , kidney problems ...
Other rheumatological disorders that can cause the features typical for RS3PE include late onset (seronegative) rheumatoid arthritis, acute sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies such as psoriatic arthropathy, mixed connective tissue disease, chondrocalcinosis and arthropathy due to amyloidosis.
For example, psoriatic arthritis can cause both peripheral and axial symptoms. [7] Likewise, reactive arthritis can transform into chronic axial spondyloarthritis. [8] All are considered inflammatory rheumatic disorders because they involve immune system-mediated attacks on the joints, muscles, bones and organs. [9]
The symptoms of post-traumatic arthritis are similar to the ones occurring with osteoarthritis. General symptoms are stiffness , swelling, synovial effusion , pain, redness, tenderness , grinding, instability and intra-articular bleeding of the injured joint .