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LSPI events are random and infrequent, and their effects on impacted vehicles can include very high-pressure spikes, loud knocking noises and sometimes catastrophic engine damage. [4] It's commonly known as "Detonation or Knock". Engine management systems can overcome pre ignition by the means of a knock or detonation sensor.
In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
The reduced engine speeds allow more time for autoignition chemistry to complete thus promoting the possibility of pre-ignition and so called "mega-knock". Under these circumstances, there is still significant debate as to the sources of the pre-ignition event. [3] Pre-ignition and engine knock both sharply increase combustion chamber temperatures.
In a reciprocating engine, the use of water injection, also called anti-detonation injection or ADI, is used to prevent engine knocking also known as "detonation". [3] Commonly found on large radial engines with pressure carburetors, it is a mixture of water and alcohol injected into the carburetor at high power settings.
Unintentional detonation when deflagration is desired is a problem in some devices. In Otto cycle, or gasoline engines it is called engine knocking or pinging, and it causes a loss of power. It can also cause excessive heating, and harsh mechanical shock that can result in eventual engine failure. [29]
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Physical damage to metal parts can manifest as a "crashing" or "screeching" sound and usually requires replacement of the engine or a substantial rebuild of its major components. If an internal combustion engine hydrolocks while idling or under low power conditions, the engine may stop suddenly with no immediate damage.
When looking at diesel driven vessels, the engines induce large accelerations that travel from the foundation of the engine throughout the ship. In most compartments, this type of vibration normally manifests itself as audible noise. The problem with diesels is that, for a given size, there is a fixed amount of power generated per cylinder.