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All of Vietnam was under the French colonial rule from 1883 until the Japanese coup d'état of March 1945. In 1887, the French created the Indochinese Union including the three separately-ruled territories of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina, which were parts of Vietnam, and the newly acquired Cambodia; Laos was created at a later time. [7]
The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 [A 1] – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) and their allies.
The Vietnamese Revolution: Fundamental Problems, Essential Tasks is a speech and an analysis of the principles and methods of the Vietnamese revolution, and the path forward for the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. [1]
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1945–1946) or Chinese Kuomintang occupation of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Hoa quân nhập Việt), (Chinese: 華軍入越) were a series of clashes between the Republic of China and the communist Viet Minh following the August Revolution.
The Việt Minh (Vietnamese: [vîət mīŋ̟] ⓘ, chữ Hán: 越盟) is the common and abbreviated name of the League for Independence of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Độc lập Đồng minh [1] or Việt Nam Độc lập Đồng minh Hội, chữ Hán: 越南獨立同盟(會); French: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam), which was a communist-led national independence coalition ...
The U.S. had supported French forces in the First Indochina War, sent supplies and military advisers to South Vietnam throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, and eventually took over most of the fighting against both North Vietnam and the Viet Cong by the mid-1960s.
In South Vietnam, the coup was referred to as Cách mạng 1-11-63 ("1 November 1963 Revolution"). [3] The Kennedy administration had been aware of the coup planning, [4] but Cable 243 from the United States Department of State to U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. stated that it was U.S. policy not to try to stop it. [5]
North and South Vietnam therefore remained divided until the Vietnam War ended with the Fall of Saigon in 1975. After 1976, the newly reunified Vietnam faced many difficulties including internal repression and isolation from the international community due to the Cold War, Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia and an American economic embargo. [1]