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A general formula for the current I X in a resistor R X that is in parallel with a combination of other resistors of total resistance R T (see Figure 1) is [1] = +, where I T is the total current entering the combined network of R X in parallel with R T.
In a series circuit, the current that flows through each of the components is the same, and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltage drops across each component. [1] In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents flowing through each ...
In direct-current circuit theory, Norton's theorem, also called the Mayer–Norton theorem, is a simplification that can be applied to networks made of linear time-invariant resistances, voltage sources, and current sources. At a pair of terminals of the network, it can be replaced by a current source and a single resistor in parallel.
It can be proved by considering the circuit as a single supernode. [3] Then, according to Ohm and Kirchhoff, the voltage between the ends of the circuit is equal to the total current entering the supernode divided by the total equivalent conductance of the supernode. The total current is the sum of the currents in each branch.
The total current through or the total voltage across a particular branch is then calculated by summing all the individual currents or voltages. There is an underlying assumption to this method that the total current or voltage is a linear superposition of its parts. Therefore, the method cannot be used if non-linear components are present.
The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
It asserts that a floating impedance element, supplied by two voltage sources connected in series, may be split into two grounded elements with corresponding impedances. There is also a dual Miller theorem with regards to impedance supplied by two current sources connected in parallel. The two versions are based on the two Kirchhoff's circuit laws.
The output voltage of a voltage divider will vary according to the electric current it is supplying to its external electrical load. The effective source impedance coming from a divider of Z 1 and Z 2, as above, will be Z 1 in parallel with Z 2 (sometimes written Z 1 // Z 2), that is: (Z 1 Z 2) / (Z 1 + Z 2) = HZ 1.