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In software engineering, CI/CD or CICD is the combined practices of continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) or, less often, continuous deployment. [1] They are sometimes referred to collectively as continuous development or continuous software development.
Continuous integration (CI) is the practice of integrating source code changes frequently and ensuring that the integrated codebase is in a workable state. Typically, developers merge changes to an integration branch , and an automated system builds and tests the software system . [ 1 ]
DevOps attempts to supports consistency, reliability, and efficiency within an organization. This is usually enabled by a shared code repository or version control. [42] Many organizations use version control to facilitate DevOps automation technologies like virtual machines, containerization (or OS-level virtualization), and CI/CD.
Continuous deployment (CD) is a software engineering approach in which software functionalities are delivered frequently and through automated deployments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
This helps to build up a CD mindset and maintain the momentum for CD adoption. The pipeline skeleton is especially useful when the team's migration to CD requires a large effort and mindset changes over a long period of time. Expert drop: Assign a CD expert to join tough projects as a senior member of the development team.
Hudson is a discontinued continuous integration (CI) tool written in Java, which runs in a servlet container such as Apache Tomcat or the GlassFish application server. It supports SCM tools including CVS, Subversion, Git, Perforce, Clearcase and RTC, and can execute Apache Ant and Apache Maven based projects, as well as arbitrary shell scripts and Windows batch commands.
At the same time, Simon Stewart at ThoughtWorks developed a superior browser automation tool called WebDriver. In 2009, after a meeting between the developers at the Google Test Automation Conference, it was decided to merge the two projects, and call the new project Selenium WebDriver, or Selenium 2.0. [7]
Typically, significant states are those that receive a formal approval status, either explicitly or implicitly. An approval status may be attributed to individual items, when a prior definition for that status has been established by project leaders, or signified by mere association to a particular established baseline.