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Defects in the lattice and substitution of atoms via transmutation disturb these pathways, leading to a reduction in both types of conduction by radiation damage. The magnitude of reduction depends on the dominant type of conductivity (electronic or Wiedemann–Franz law , phononic) in the material and the details of the radiation damage and is ...
Those exposed for longer suffered more damage and higher growth and germination deficiences. [19] Radiation tests in model organisms that determine the effects of high radiation on animals and plants are: [18] Chromosomal aberrations. DNA damage. Cancer, particularly leukemia. [2] Leukopenia. Growth reduction.
The amount of focused radiation caused severe damage to plant reproduction: most plants could not reproduce for at least three years. Many of these occurrences on land can be a result of the distribution of radioactive isotopes through water systems.
Patients receiving treatment for prostate cancer and cancer of the cervix receive lethal doses of radiation. [11] [12] 13 Radiotherapy accident in Costa Rica: 1996 114 patients received an overdose of radiation from a cobalt-60 source that was being used for radiotherapy. [13]: 299, 303 11 Radiotherapy accident in Zaragoza, Spain 1990 December
In listing civilian radiation accidents, the following criteria have been followed: There must be well-attested and substantial health damage, property damage or contamination. The damage must be related directly to radioactive materials or ionizing radiation from a man-made source, not merely taking place at a facility where such are being used.
This includes diseases caused by substance abuse, exposure to toxic chemicals, and physical factors in the environment, like UV radiation from the sun, as well as genetic predisposition. Meanwhile, pollution-related diseases are attributed to exposure to toxins in the air, water, and soil.
Notably severe: there must be well-attested and substantial health damage, property damage or contamination; if an International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) level is available, of at least two. Nuclear aspect: the damage must be related directly to nuclear operations or materials; the event should involve fissile material or a reactor, not ...
The physical or nuclear half-life of 137 Cs is about 30 years, which is a constant and can not be changed; however, the biological half-life will change according to the nature and habits of the organism for which it is expressed. Caesium in humans normally has a biological half-life of between one and four months.