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dependence – an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake) drug sensitization or reverse tolerance – the escalating effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose
The counterdependent personality has been described as being addicted to activity and suffering from grandiosity, as acting strong and pushing others away. [9] Out of a fear of being crowded, they avoid contact with others, something which can lead through emotional isolation to depression.
psychological dependence – dependence socially seen as being extremely mild compared to physical dependence (e.g., with enough willpower it could be overcome) reinforcing stimuli – stimuli that increase the probability of repeating behaviors paired with them
Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition [1] in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs.
Doctors recommend tapering off the medication only with the greatest of caution. The process can take years given that addiction is a chronic disease and effective therapy can be a long, grueling affair. Doctors and researchers often compare addiction from a medical perspective to diabetes.
Sociotropy can be seen as the opposite of autonomy, because those with sociotropy are concerned with interpersonal relationships, whereas those with autonomy are more concerned with independence and do not care so much for others. [1] Sociotropy has been correlated with feminine sex-role orientation in many research experiments. [4]
In an early attempt to define codependency as a diagnosable disorder, [9] psychiatrist Timmen Cermak proposed, "Co-dependence is a recognizable pattern of personality traits, predictably found within most members of chemically dependent families, which are capable of creating sufficient dysfunction to warrant the diagnosis of Mixed Personality ...
Comments by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., US Health and Human Services secretary, sparked talk about whether antidepressants are as addictive as heroin. Experts weigh in.