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Thermal radiation in visible light can be seen on this hot metalwork, due to blackbody radiation.. The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. [1]
The volumetric heat capacity of a material is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the volume of the sample. It is the amount of energy that must be added, in the form of heat, to one unit of volume of the material in order to cause an increase of one unit in its temperature.
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
The equation relating thermal energy to thermal mass is: = where Q is the thermal energy transferred, C th is the thermal mass of the body, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
The heat capacity of an object, denoted by , is the limit =, where is the amount of heat that must be added to the object (of mass M) in order to raise its temperature by .
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat.It is commonly denoted by , , or and is measured in W·m −1 ·K −1.. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of high thermal conductivity.
In heat transfer, thermal engineering, and thermodynamics, thermal conductance and thermal resistance are fundamental concepts that describe the ability of materials or systems to conduct heat and the opposition they offer to the heat current.
Thermal diffusivity of selected materials and substances [12]; Material Thermal diffusivity (mm 2 /s) Refs. Pyrolytic graphite, parallel to layers: 1,220: Diamond: 1,060–1,160: Carbon/carbon composite at 25 °C