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Given a system transforming a set of inputs to output values, described by a mathematical function f, optimization refers to the generation and selection of the best solution from some set of available alternatives, [1] by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set, computing the value of the function, and recording the best value found during the process.
free, $2500 (Pro, commercial), $1000 (Pro, academic) Proprietary: interactive graphics TK Solver: Universal Technical Systems, Inc. late 1970s 1982 6.0.152 2020: $599 commercial, $49 (student) Proprietary: Numerical computation and rule-based application development VisSim: Visual Solutions 1989 10.1 January 2011: $495-$2800 (commercial) free ...
The α phase has one third of the electrical resistivity [29] and a much lower superconducting transition temperature T C relative to the β phase: ca. 0.015 K vs. 1–4 K; mixing the two phases allows obtaining intermediate T C values. [30] [31] The T C value can also be raised by alloying tungsten with another metal (e.g. 7.9 K for W-Tc). [32]
Tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula W O Cl 4. This diamagnetic solid is used to prepare other complexes of tungsten. The red crystalline compound is soluble in nonpolar solvents but it reacts with alcohols and water and forms adducts with Lewis bases.
Tungsten hexacarbonyl (also called tungsten carbonyl) is an organometallic compound with the formula W(CO) 6. This complex gave rise to the first example of a dihydrogen complex. [2] Like its chromium and molybdenum analogs, this colorless compound is noteworthy as a volatile, air-stable derivative of tungsten in its zero oxidation state.
Wolfram may refer to: Wolfram (name), a Germanic masculine given name and a surname (includes a list of people with the name) Wolfram (musician), an Austrian DJ; Wolfram (element), the original name for the chemical element best known as tungsten; Wolfram Research, a software company known for the symbolic computation program Mathematica
Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula Ca W O 4. It is an important ore of tungsten (wolfram). Scheelite is originally named after Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786). Well-formed crystals are sought by collectors and are occasionally fashioned into gemstones when suitably free of flaws.
The solid-state structure of WO 3 ·H 2 O consists of layers of octahedrally coordinated WO 5 (H 2 O) units where 4 vertices are shared. [2] The dihydrate has the same layer structure with the extra H 2 O molecule intercalated. [2] The monohydrate is a yellow solid and insoluble in water. The classical name for this acid is 'acid of wolfram'.