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Trombiculidae (/ t r ɒ m b ɪ ˈ k juː l ɪ d iː /), commonly referred to in North America as chiggers and in Britain as harvest mites, but also known as berry bugs, bush-mites, red bugs or scrub-itch mites, are a family of mites. [3] Chiggers are often confused with jiggers – a type of flea.
Sandfly species transmit the disease leishmaniasis, by acting as vectors for protozoan Leishmania species, and tsetse flies transmit protozoan trypansomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense) which cause African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Ticks and lice form another large group of invertebrate vectors.
These are animals that eat or destroy durian fruit or trees. Many of these are shot or poisoned by farmers. [6] Some of these species naturally act as seed dispersers, [7] which benefits the plant but does not benefit farmers.
This article contains a list of insect-borne diseases. They can take the form of parasitic worms , bacteria , protozoa , viruses , or the insects directly acting as a parasite. Insect-borne diseases
Pests differ in their means of attack and extent of damage. For example, defoliating insect (spongy moth) may weaken trees but not directly cause mortality, while boring insects (emerald ash borer) can often cause serious damage. A pathogen may slowly weaken a tree (beech bark disease) or it may cause rapid decline (chestnut blight).
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Beech bark disease is a disease that causes mortality and defects in beech trees in the eastern United States, Canada and Europe. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In North America , the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by Xylococculus betulae and the beech scale insect , Cryptococcus fagisuga . [ 4 ]
Ambush bugs – subfamily Phymatinae Thread-legged bugs – subfamily Emesinae , including the genus Emesaya Kissing bugs (or cone-headed bugs) – subfamily Triatominae , unusual in that most species are blood-suckers and several are important disease vectors