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Shading alters the colors of faces in a 3D model based on the angle of the surface to a light source or light sources. The first image below has the faces of the box rendered, but all in the same color. Edge lines have been rendered here as well which makes the image easier to see. The second image is the same model rendered without edge lines.
Line art or line drawing is any image that consists of distinct straight lines or curved lines placed against a background (usually plain). Two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects are often represented through shade (darkness) or hue . Line art can use lines of different colors, although line art is usually monochromatic.
A line drawing is the most direct means of expression. This type of drawing without shading or lightness, is usually the first to be attempted by an artist.It may be somewhat limited in effect, yet it conveys dimension, movement, structure and mood; it can also suggest texture to some extent.
He described sfumato as "without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke". [ 1 ] According to the theory of the art historian Marcia B. Hall , [ 2 ] which has gained considerable acceptance, [ 3 ] sfumato is one of four modes of painting colours available to Italian High Renaissance painters, along with cangiante , chiaroscuro , and unione .
The artist may exaggerate or create lines, perhaps as part of their message to the viewer. Many lines without a clear subject-point suggest chaos in the image, and may conflict with the mood the artist is trying to evoke. [citation needed] A line's angle and its relationship to the frame's size influence the perspective of the image.
An example of two kinds of shadings: Flat shading on the left and Phong shading on the right. Phong shading is an improvement on Gouraud shading, and was one of the first computer shading models developed after the basic flat shader, greatly enhancing the appearance of curved surfaces in renders.
In the visual arts, gradation is the technique of gradually transitioning from one hue to another, or from one shade to another, or one texture to another. Space, distance, atmosphere , volume, and curved or rounded forms are some of the visual effects created with gradation.
A silverpoint drawing is made by dragging a silver rod or wire across a surface, often prepared with gesso or ground of Chinese white.Silverpoint is one of several types of metalpoint used by scribes, craftsmen and artists since ancient times.