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The four white students also had greater Law School Admission Test scores. [19] However, in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003, the Supreme Court allowed the University of Michigan Law School to continue to consider race among other relevant diversity factors. The decision was the only legally challenged affirmative-action policy to survive the courts.
Opposition to affirmative action emerged in the neoconservative journal The Public Interest, particularly with editor Nathan Glazer's 1975 book Affirmative Discrimination: Ethnic Inequality and Public Policy. [24] In the Roberts Court, Chief Justice John Roberts questioned the benefits of diversity in a physics class in Fisher II. [25]
Sowell writes that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies; that they tend to benefit primarily the most fortunate among the preferred group (e.g., upper and middle class ...
News of the Supreme Court ruling that affirmative action in higher education is unconstitutional has catapulted the policy that was legal for at least 45 years to the forefront.
Kaplan Test Prep Survey: With Affirmative Action Case Pending in Supreme Court, Admissions Officers Show Varying Levels of Concern About Impact of Banning Race-Conscious Admissions Policies NEW ...
Check out CNN’s Affirmative Action Fast Facts for some background information about affirmative action as well as a few notable Supreme Court court cases.
The examinations were governed in part by the City of New Haven's contract with the firefighters' union (which stated that the written exam result counted for 60% of an applicant's score and the oral exam for 40%, and that a total score above 70% on the exam would constitute a passing score).
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