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Founder effect: The original population (left) could give rise to different founder populations (right). In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
Population bottleneck followed by recovery or extinction. A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human activities such as genocide, speciocide, widespread violence or intentional culling.
Sound effect (film techniques) (sound effects) (sound production) (special effects) Southwest effect, The (airline terminology) (Southwest Airlines) Spacing effect (cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (psychological theories) Special effect (animation) (special effects) Spin Hall effect (condensed matter physics) (Hall effect) (physics ...
The founder effect is a special case of a population bottleneck, occurring when a small group in a population splinters off from the original population and forms a new one. The random sample of alleles in the just formed new colony is expected to grossly misrepresent the original population in at least some respects. [44]
The Dunning–Kruger effect, on the other hand, focuses on how this type of misjudgment happens for poor performers. [38] [2] [4] When the better-than-average effect is paired with regression toward the mean, it shows a similar tendency. This way, it can explain both that unskilled people greatly overestimate their competence and that the ...
Founder's syndrome (also founderitis [1] [2]) is the difficulty faced by organizations, and in particular young companies such as start-ups, where one or more founders maintain disproportionate power and influence following the effective initial establishment of the organization, leading to a wide range of problems.
Effects, one's personal property or belongings; Effects (G.I. Joe), a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe; Effects, a 1979 film (give a wide release in 2005) Effect size, a measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables; Effect system, formal system which describes the computational effects of computer programs
The FTA model is underpinned by demographic and ecological phenomena and processes such as the Allee effect, gene surfing, [6] high-density blocking, [7] and priority effects. [8] Early colonizing lineages can reach high densities and thus hinder the success of late-arriving colonizers.